Heat the olive oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Add the diced onion, celery, and carrot. Sauté for about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables soften and the onion becomes translucent.
Stir in the garlic and cook for another minute until fragrant.
Add the lentils, crushed tomatoes, vegetable stock, Parmesan rind, dried herbs, chili flakes, salt, and pepper. Stir to combine.
Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat and simmer gently for 30–40 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the lentils are tender.
If the soup becomes too thick, adjust the consistency with a little extra stock.
Just before serving, stir in the chopped parsley. Remove and discard the Parmesan rind.
Ladle the soup into bowls, drizzle with extra virgin olive oil, and top with freshly grated Parmesan.