Add tomatoes and lemon juice only once the beans have softened, as acidic components can hinder proper rehydration. For added flavor and texture, include vegetables such as carrot or celery during the final 30 minutes of cooking. Pre-soaking the beans shortens cooking time and can make them easier to digest by removing certain sugars; always discard the soaking liquid and use fresh water for cooking. If you choose not to soak the beans, add 1 cup of additional liquid and extend cooking by about an hour, or until tender. Cooking the ham hock in advance infuses the broth with rich flavor and ensures the meat becomes tender; if using a ham bone, leftover ham, or smoked sausage, add it along with the broth instead.